Maritime issues and ocean governance from a geographical perspective. Uses political geography and political ecology approaches to examine conflicts and propose initiatives to promote ocean sustainability and social inclusion.

Physical and biological characteristics of the circumpolar Arctic, emphasizing terrestrial environments and the impacts on and by humans, including: glacial history; climatology; biogeography/ecology of arctic tundra; human-environment interactions, settlement and exploration; and current environmental, social and economic problems. Restricted to students with second-year standing or higher. Credit will only be granted for one of GEOG_V 397 or GEOG_V 497.

Effects of urbanization and global environmental change on the geographies of cities across the world. Specific focus on urban environmental justice and inequality. Credit will be granted for only one of GEOG 351 or ENST 351. Equivalency: ENST351

Biophysical and human causes of short- and long-term environmental change at various spatial scales, including measurement, interpretation, and policy.

This course provides an overview of theory and application of linear models for observational data (W1) and an introduction to spatial statistics (W2).