Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of public policies and corporate strategies using statistical evaluation methods, cost benefit analysis, and other modelling tools, with a focus on the impacts of climate change on operations and vice versa. Industries including service provision, manufacturing, and infrastructure investment are assessed based on pricing, operating costs, emissions, and other environmental and societal impacts. Prerequisite: COMM_V 204.

Properties and composition of natural waters, including gas and solid equilibria, pH and acidification, redox chemistry, complexation, corrosion, ion exchange, colloids and microbial transformations. [3-0-0] Prerequisite: One of CHEM 123, CHEM 130, CHBE 220. and Third year standing.

Energy policy process and governance. Sustainable energy as a social and political challenge, formal government structures and process, actors in the policy, policy analysis, policy instrument, and energy planning and approval processes, including environmental assessment. Introduction to demand-side energy policy.

Concepts in sustainability around technology and material use; relevance of biological ecology to industrial ecology; life cycle analysis: components and applications; and approaches to design. [3-0-2] Prerequisite: BEST 200.

Economic, social, political and cultural structures and institutions that shape contemporary socioecological challenges.