Climates over the geological, historical and instrument periods. Theories of climatic change. Monitoring and modelling the climate system. Impacts of change on environmental and socio-economic systems. Credit will be granted for only one of ENST 312 or GEOG 312. Recommended pre-requisites: one of GEOS 102, GEOB 102, GEOS 200, GEOB 200, GEOS 204, GEOB 204, ATSC 201, EOSC 112 and 3rd year standing. Equivalency: GEOG 312

Introductory genomics in the context of genetics and epigenetics; current and topical issues, including genetic determinism, environmental DNA, revival of extinct species, and applications of genomics to improve our life and environment including adaptation to climate change. [3-0-0] Prerequisite: One of BIOL 11, BIOL 12.

Examination of carbon capture technologies, and CO2 conversion and sequestration options. Technical foundations on carbon cycle, thermodynamics, transport, absorption, adsorption, sequestration, mineralization and conversion. Analysis of cases in the context of technology, policy and regulatory framework. Credit will be granted for only one of CHBE 488 or CHBE 588. This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading. [3-0-1] Prerequisite: One of CHBE 244, MTRL 252 and one of CHBE 251, CIVL 215, MTRL 263.

Supply and use of conventional and alternative fuels and energy. Design and operation of unit operations for processing of fossil fuels, biomass, and other energy sources. Environmental considerations of energy use. that address climate change and sustainability (water usage, environmental footprint, resource use, etc.). Credit will be granted for only one of CHBE 483, CHBE 583. This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading. [3-0-0] Prerequisite: Third-year standing or higher in BASc or BSc.

The meteorology of hydro, wind, and solar power. Atmospheric processes affecting renewable energy on global, regional & local weather scales. [3-0-0] Prerequisite: One of MATH 101, MATH 103, MATH 105, MATH 121 and one of PHYS 101, PHYS 106, PHYS 107, PHYS 117, PHYS 131, PHYS 157 and one of APSC 160, CPSC 103, CPSC 110, DSCI 100, EOSC 211.