The socio-economic, biological and technological aspects of forestry within the international frame, in both the developed and developing world. Regional studies and the role of national and international agencies.

Concepts of complex adaptive systems (CAS); exploration of how CAS can be used to manage natural and social environments for multiple goals under changing climatic and socio-economic conditions.

Effects of forest management activities on fish and aquatic ecosystems.

Community forests and community forestry throughout the world, with special attention to participation by aboriginal peoples; emphasis is on forms of governance, public participation, and adaptive learning.

Field study concentrating on outdoor skills, forest measurements, site diagnosis, and an integrated overview of the ecological, social and economic basis for forest management. Fees will be assessed to meet expenses. Credit will be granted for only one of FRST 350 or 351.