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Restricted to M.A. ECON, Ph.D. ECON. External students may request permission to take this course from the ECON graduate program office. Prerequisite: All of ECON 500, ECON 502, ECON 526, ECON 527.

State and politics in economics. How states emerge, how dictators stay in power. Why groups engage in costly conflict, how countries turn into democracies and what its benefits are. Prerequisite: One of ECON 301, ECON 304, ECON 315, COMM 295 and one of ECON 302, ECON 305, ECON 309 and one of ECON 326, ECON 328, STAT 306, LFS 252.

Economic analysis of taxation. Equity, efficiency, and incidence of government revenue sources such as personal and corporate income taxes, sales taxes, property taxes, payroll taxes, and environmental taxes. Prerequisite: One of ECON 301, ECON 304, ECON 315, COMM 295 and one of ECON 302, ECON 305, ECON 309.

Application of economic analysis to marriage, fertility and health, gender inequality in labour markets and unpaid caregiving; the application of sex and gender-based policy analysis to topics related to employment, and technological and social change in current and historical perspectives. Prerequisite: One of ECON 101, ECON 310 and one of ECON 102, ECON 311.