An elementary course in molecular biology primarily for Arts students. The historical development of recent discoveries in molecular biology with emphasis on bacteria and viruses and their interaction with humans.

Biological, cultural, and societal significance of staple crops selected as foods, medicines or raw materials by different societies, and their pivotal role in the rise and fall of past and present civilizations.

Concepts fundamental to biological issues, such as the genetic basis of biological variation, evolution, infectious diseases, causes of cancer, population growth, and human effects on ecosystems. Not open to students who have credit for Biology 12 (including AP, IB).

Laboratory modules for bioeconomy technologies; bioenergy and bioproducts.

Having the capacity to innovate is critical to business success. This course builds on the fundamentals of economics and strategic management that you have learnt in previous courses and explores new concepts that will enable you to excel in innovation. This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading.