Biophysical and human causes of short- and long-term environmental change at various spatial scales, including measurement, interpretation, and policy.

Economic, social, political and cultural structures and institutions that shape contemporary socioecological challenges.

The impact of urban development on the natural environment and vice versa. Study of the ecology and metabolism of cities and green urban design, using global and local case studies.

Concepts and debates in the interdisciplinary field and practice of climate justice; the role of systemic processes and patterns underlying climate change and climate injustices.

Theory and evolution of adaptation at different scales in organizations and resource management systems, utilizing existing case studies, examining opportunities and barriers to adaptation, considering strategies and practices to manage climate impacts and risks