Understanding environmental factors influencing soil-forming processes and their ecological implications. Credit will be granted for only one of SOIL 501 or APBI 401. Prerequisite: APBI 200.

A variety of ecological processes shape agricultural landscapes. Students will learn the research foundations of applied ecology in agriculture and how to read and critique the scientific literature in this field. Prerequisite: One of BIOL 230, APBI 260, APBI 265.

A survey of the structure, classification and biology of insects; ecology and life-histories of insects; insect-plant relations. [2-3-0] Prerequisite: BIOL 121. Equivalency: BIOL327

Interactions between aquaculture and the environment. Current issues, comparison of systems, species, production methods, environments, and socioeconomics. Prerequisite: One of BIOL 230, APBI 260, APBI 265, CONS 330, ENVR 200, ENVR 300. and third year standing. Or permission of the instructor.

Scientific assessment of animal well-being, ethical concepts applied to animal use, and animal welfare issues arising in agriculture, biomedical research and other areas. Credit will be granted for only one of APBI 315, ANSC 515, or AANB 515. [1-0-3] Prerequisite: At least third-year standing in any faculty.