Sustainable practice within the arboricultural discipline with emphasis on a comprehensive understanding of techniques and equipment used in a range of arboricultural operations.

Roles played by urban forestry and greenspace systems in a rapidly changing world; topics include urban ecology, urban forest conservation, urban forest management, climate change, society and human well-being, design and planning, urban/rural interface issues, and urban forest policy.

Relationship of surgery to preventing and treating disabling impairments in lower income countries. Focus will be on sensory impairments (blindness and deafness) and physical impairment.

Survey of impacts of land and resources, housing, education, criminal justice systems, child apprehension and other determinants on the health of Indigenous peoples in Canada.

Experience of colonization; <i>Indian Act</i>; the histories and intergenerational impact of the residential school; child-welfare systems; communicable disease prevention; the challenge of ethical public health practice; and traditional healing.