Concepts of complex adaptive systems (CAS); exploration of how CAS can be used to manage natural and social environments for multiple goals under changing climatic and socio-economic conditions. [3-0-0] Prerequisite: Third-year standing

Ecology, management, and conservation of terrestrial vertebrate wildlife, focusing primarily on socio-economically important, forest-dwelling species of mammals, birds, amphibians and reptiles. [3-2-0] Prerequisite: One of FRST 201, BIOL 230, BIOL 306.

Measurement and analysis of hydrological processes in response to forest management activities. [3-2-0] Prerequisite: Third- or fourth-year standing.

Field study at an interior BC location concentrating on land use, management and silviculture. Fees will be assessed to meet expenses. Students with FRST_V 351 and FRST_V 350 can only count 3 credits toward their program requirements. Prerequisite: FRST_V 210 or NRES_V 210. Corequisite: FRST_V 211 or NRES_V 211.

Ecological effects of fire and climatic (wind, temperature, and snow) disturbances; fire danger rating, principles of fire management and prescribed fire use; windthrow risk modelling and management. [3-2-0] Prerequisite: One of FRST 210, NRES 210 and one of FRST 211, NRES 211.