State and politics in economics. How states emerge, how dictators stay in power. Why groups engage in costly conflict, how countries turn into democracies and what its benefits are. Prerequisite: One of ECON 301, ECON 304, ECON 315, COMM 295 and one of ECON 302, ECON 305, ECON 309 and one of ECON 326, ECON 328, STAT 306, LFS 252.

Economic analysis of taxation. Equity, efficiency, and incidence of government revenue sources such as personal and corporate income taxes, sales taxes, property taxes, payroll taxes, and environmental taxes. Prerequisite: One of ECON 301, ECON 304, ECON 315, COMM 295 and one of ECON 302, ECON 305, ECON 309.

Application of economic analysis to marriage, fertility and health, gender inequality in labour markets and unpaid caregiving; the application of sex and gender-based policy analysis to topics related to employment, and technological and social change in current and historical perspectives. Prerequisite: One of ECON 101, ECON 310 and one of ECON 102, ECON 311.

The aggregate economy with emphasis on macroeconomic policy and international economic growth, money and inflation, unemployment, business cycles, and macroeconomic stabilization policy under fixed and flexible exchange rates. Registration restricted to students in the Bachelor of International Economics Program. Credit will be granted for only one of ECON 302, ECON 305 or ECON 309. This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading. Prerequisite: One of ECON 101, ECON 310 and one of ECON 102, ECON 311 and one of MATH 100, MATH 102, MATH 104, MATH 110, MATH 120, MATH 180, MATH 184 and one of MATH 101, MATH 103, MATH 105, MATH 121.

Consumer behaviour, producer theory, competitive market equilibrium, welfare economics, uncertainty, monopoly and oligopoly. Credit will be granted for only one of ECON 301, ECON 304, ECON 315, COMM 295 or FRE 295. Prerequisite: One of ECON 101, ECON 310 and one of MATH 100, MATH 102, MATH 104, MATH 110, MATH 120, MATH 180, MATH 184 and one of MATH 101, MATH 103, MATH 105, MATH 121.