Obtaining and forecasting information for stands and forests. [3-2-0] Prerequisite: FRST 239.

Field-based and laboratory-based investigation of organisms. [1-3-0] Prerequisite: Third-year standing or higher in Combined Major in Science, and one of (a) BIOL 121 and BIOL 180 (or BIOL 140), or (b) SCIE 001, or (c) 8 transfer credits of first-year biology.

Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of public policies and corporate strategies using statistical evaluation methods, cost benefit analysis, and other modelling tools, with a focus on the impacts of climate change on operations and vice versa. Industries including service provision, manufacturing, and infrastructure investment are assessed based on pricing, operating costs, emissions, and other environmental and societal impacts. Prerequisite: COMM_V 204.