Estimating causal relationships in natural resource economics; applied data analysis; econometrics; counterfactual thinking, and applications to the economics of: natural resource conservation, species loss and extraction, protected areas, international trade of wildlife products, and endangered species legislation. Prerequisite: One of LFS_V 252, STAT_V 200, BIOL_V 300, ECON_V 325, COMM_V 291, FRST_V 231 and one of ECON_V 101, ECON_V 310, FRST_V 101, LFS_V 101.