Forest classification and the application of silvics in forest management, including world forest classification systems, the Biogeoclimactic Ecosystem Classification system, and ecosystem diagnosis in the field. Credit will be granted for only one of NRES 211 or FRST 211. [3-2-0] Prerequisite: One of FRST 201, NRES 201. Equivalency: NRES 211

The structure and function of forest ecosystems, including: energetics; productivity; nutrient, carbon and water cycling; soils; the physical environment; population and community ecology; disturbance ecology; ecological succession; biological diversity and ecological resilience. Credit will be granted for only one of NRES 201 or FRST 201. [3-2-0] Equivalency: NRES 201

Current issues and cases in Forestry and Land and Food Systems are examined with a focus on integration of first-year subjects and exposure to both First Nations and Western perspectives. [2-0-1;2-0-1] Equivalency: LFS_V 110, NRES_V 110.

An overview of forests and forestry. Survey of the disciplines, areas of study, and values that frame sustainable management of forests in BC and the world. Assignments focus on critical thinking and written communication skills. [3-0-0]

Representative women's writings from the Middle Ages to the present; contemporary women's writings in the Francophone world. Prerequisite: Either (a) all of FREN 311, FREN 321 or (b) all of FREN 328, FREN 329 and one of FREN 225, FREN 402.