Introduction to methodologies and evidence concerning the structure and operation of security markets and the valuation of financial securities including stocks, bonds, options and futures contracts; portfolio management, corporate finance and investment decisions. Prerequisite: All of COMM_V 370, COMM_V 371.

A study of income tax from the standpoint of the individual and of business enterprise. Prerequisite: One of COMM_V 293, COMM_V 457.

Tools to apply sustainable and responsible decision making through individual, organizational, and structural lenses. Topics include diversity and group think, the circular economy, and climate change adaptation. This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading.

The role of employment relations in enterprise performance. Managing employees under statutory law, collective bargaining, and progressive human resource management. Key issues in forming, developing, and maintaining a work force. Prerequisite: One of COMM_V 192, COMM_V 292 and either (a) all of ECON_V 101, ECON_V 102 or (b) ECON_V 100.

Development of general environmental framework for international business studies by drawing on international and development economics, research into government-business relations and studies in comparative socio-cultural systems and political systems. Credit will be granted for only one of COEC 498 or COMM 498. This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading. Equivalency: COMM498