Physiological, biochemical, and molecular strategies of adaptation of animals to environmental challenges. The evolution of genetic and biochemical systems, and their impact on animal structure and function. [3-0-0] Prerequisite: One of APBI 311, BIOL 361, BIOL 362, BIOL 364, BIOL 370, BIOL 371 and one of BIOL 201, BIOC 202, BIOC 203. BIOL 457 is recommended.

Designing, conducting, and analyzing studies of animal behaviour, with an emphasis on field-based methods. Students conduct capstone research projects. Please consult the Faculty of Science Credit Exclusion Lists: https://vancouver.calendar.ubc.ca/faculties-colleges-and-schools/faculty.... [1-4-0] Prerequisite: One of BIOL 300, STAT 200. Corequisite: BIOL 310.

Effects of biodiversity on human health, from human microbiome to ecosystem. Strategies for protecting, restoring and managing for biodiversity, human and planetary health.

Understanding key issues for carbon management, protocols for carbon accounting and methodologies for emissions inventories and carbon costing. Economics and business response to climate change are examined.

Laboratory modules for bioeconomy technologies; bioenergy and bioproducts.