Plant water requirements for production and survival, physiological stress thresholds, soil-plant-atmosphere interactions, structure-function relationships, cutting-edge and traditional monitoring tools, precision agriculture, application for sustainable water management. Prerequisite: One of APBI 210, BIOL 210.

Understanding environmental factors influencing soil-forming processes and their ecological implications. Credit will be granted for only one of SOIL 501 or APBI 401. Prerequisite: APBI 200.

A variety of ecological processes shape agricultural landscapes. Students will learn the research foundations of applied ecology in agriculture and how to read and critique the scientific literature in this field. Prerequisite: One of BIOL 230, APBI 260, APBI 265.

A survey of the structure, classification and biology of insects; ecology and life-histories of insects; insect-plant relations. [2-3-0] Prerequisite: BIOL 121. Equivalency: BIOL327

Interactions between aquaculture and the environment. Current issues, comparison of systems, species, production methods, environments, and socioeconomics. Prerequisite: One of BIOL 230, APBI 260, APBI 265, CONS 330, ENVR 200, ENVR 300. and third year standing. Or permission of the instructor.