Basics of ecology are introduced, focussing on observations of the natural world. Assignments, including a group project, consider connections between research, awareness and practical uses of ecology. Not for credit in the Life Sciences. [3-0-2]

Morphology, life histories, ecology and evolution of parasites (and infectious agents more broadly) infecting humans and animals. [2-3-0] Prerequisite: BIOL_V 121 or SCIE_V 001

Behaviour and ecology of invertebrates as revealed by hands-on experiments in the laboratory and field. Marine emphasis. [1-4-0] Prerequisite: BIOL 205. Corequisite: Either (a) STAT 200 or (b) BIOL 300.

The units of biodiversity, from genes to ecosystems, how they are structured in space, and their importance to human well-being and ecosystem health. [3-0-0] Prerequisite: One of APBI 260, BIOL 230, FRST 201, GEOB 207, GEOS 207. Equivalency: CONS 314

An introduction to biodiversity and specimen-based science, including theory and best practices for creating, curating and preserving natural history collections, working ethically with collections, and the historical, contemporary and future role of these collections to science and society. [2-3-0] Pre-requisites: A minimum of 3rd-year class standing or higher.