Formulation of key elements of urban studies theory, concepts, and methods to a community-engaged urban challenge. Credit will be granted for only one of GEOG 451 or URST 451. Prerequisite: One of GEOG 250, URST 200 and all of PLAN 211, PLAN 231, GEOG 371. Equivalency: URST 451

Decolonial theory and practice through an examination of critical Indigenous and critical race scholarship and activism. Prerequisite: Restricted to students with 3rd year standing or higher. GEOG 121, or equivalent, is strongly recommended for students with 3rd year standing.

An examination of how attitudes toward human nature and non-human nature have changed from Mesolithic times to the present in Western society. Credit will only be granted for one of GEOG 423 or ENST 423. Equivalency: ENST 423.

Geographical analysis of society-environment relations. Relates resource management to environmental politics, political economy, and sustainable development. Perspectives drawn from political ecology and political economy, environmental history and environmental philosophy. Registration is restricted to Geography Majors and Minors or permission of instructor. Recommended: GEOG 310. Credit will only be granted for one of GEOG 410 or ENST 410. Equivalency: ENST 410

Forms of economic development; changing location of economic activities and functions; implications for government and politics; local strategies for growth and equity. Recommended pre-requisites: one of GEOG 121, GEOG 122.