An analytical approach to biotic associations in the marine environment. Opportunities are provided for study of the intertidal realm in exposed and protected areas, and of beaches and estuaries in the vicinity of the Marine Centre; plankton studies and investigations of the subtidal and benthic environments by diving and dredging are envisaged.

Technological and social issues related to the recovery of value from e-waste seen through the eyes of engineers, social scientists and economists. Recovery of valuable minerals in the context of circular economy to provide sustainable solutions for our planet. This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading. [2-2-0] Prerequisite: Third-year standing

Causes and effects of air pollution in the context of technology and society. Topics include: impact of air pollutants on air quality and climate, atmospheric science, public policy, collective action, environmental justice, science communication, economic externalities, and ethical engineering design. Recommended pre-requisite: third-year standing. This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading. [3-0-0] Prerequisite: Second-year standing.

This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading.

Field studies carried out abroad under the direction of the instructor. Students will be guided to apply selected tools for analysis of agricultural and natural resource policy in developing countries with input from local policymakers. Participating students are assessed a fee. This course is not eligible for Credit/D/Fail grading. Prerequisite: One of ECON 101, LFS 101. Third-year standing and permission of instructor. 9 credits of upper level ECON, FRE or COMM courses are strongly recommended.